Biblical Concept: Stars

Prologue: A NASA web page called Astronomy Picture of the Day Archive has high quality star photos.

Findings: Stars are spiritually equated with the Messiah, angels, 1/3 angels, Satan, humans, false spiritual teachers, pagan worship, navigation, spiritual maturity, spiritual reward, extraordinary natural events, human education, God and Christ’s glory, God’s power, and Divine judgment.

The incomprehensible number and diversity of Stars bear witness to this: “Romans 1:20 For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse.” Stars bear witness to the Omniscience and Omnipotence of the Multidimensional Triune God of the Bible.

I bear witness that pondering the stars played a significant role in my personal, volitional consciousness of God. Many a star filled night was spent wondering about star origins. I have come to understand that science has no explanation for star formation. Science postulates theories about star formation, but you possibly have never heard that when these theories are tested with scientific observations, not one of the theories even comes close to working! For example:

How do stars form?

Nov 16, 2005

Astronomers in the US believe they have figured out how stars form from clouds of gas. They say that all stars are created by the gravitational collapse of large molecular clumps, and that the rival "competitive accretion" model is not supported by observations (Nature 438 322).

There are two main models of star formation. Gravitational collapse is a top-down process in which molecular clumps that are hundreds of times heavier than the Sun fragment into gaseous cores, which then collapse to make individual stars. Competitive accretion, on the other hand, is bottom-up process: stars are born as small seeds that grow by accreting material from nearby clouds of gas and, sometimes, colliding with one another.

Based on computer simulations Mark Krumholz from Princeton University, Christopher McKee from the University of California at Berkeley, and Richard Klein from Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory now claim that the bottom-up theory is incorrect because the seeds cannot grow fast enough during the lifetimes of the clouds to reach typical star sizes. Krumholz and co-workers simulated the accretion process for different types of molecular clumps and identified those in which the accretion rate is high enough for stars to form. However, the types of clumps in which this happens do not correspond to any that have been seen in observations.

"Our result is that the bottom-up idea doesn't work," Krumholz told PhysicsWeb, "because seeds can't accrete quickly enough to grow to stellar masses within the lifetimes of the clouds out of which they are born. Instead, stars form by fragmentation, and the fragmentation process determines their masses."

The results also explain, the team says, why observations suggest that objects as different as small brown dwarfs and massive stars have a common formation mechanism. In contrast, the accretion model involves different mechanisms for making objects with different masses. A universal formation process might also explain why the mass distribution of newly formed stars - the initial mass function - seems to be constant throughout our galaxy and other galaxies.

"Many earlier simulations of star formation processes made a significant error because they modelled environments with properties that are very different from those observed," says Krumholz. "A lot of these simulations are now going to have to be reconsidered and probably re-done."

About the author

Belle Dumé is science writer at PhysicsWeb

In the above article, the BELIEVED theory that is BELIEVED to work is: “Gravitational collapse is a top-down process in which molecular clumps that are hundreds of times heavier than the Sun fragment into gaseous cores, which then collapse to make individual stars.” And the scientific observations that demonstrate this BELIEVED theory are . . . . Here is a portion of a scientific critique of the gravitational collapse model:

Think about this. They spend several pages almost apologizing for not having the slightest idea how or why stars form from interstellar gas clouds whose densities are so slight that the most powerful vacuums ever created by man are as dense as black holes by comparison. We are talking about a vacuum so complete that less than one atom can be found in one cubic centimeter. {10} If an atom were the size of a basketball, the next closest basketball would be found two-thirds of the way between here and the moon. Try mountain climbing in air that thin! The established laws of physics show that it is impossible for stars to form by gravitational collapse of interstellar gases and dust. Stars came into being because God created them along with everything else.

I am sure new theories are on the way. The established laws of physics keep getting in the way of theories. I previously said: “Science postulates many theories about star formation, but you possibly have never heard that when these theories are tested with scientific observations, not one of the theories even comes close to working!” Please e-mail me scientifically demonstrated theories of star formation. I cannot find any: pastor-teacher@biblicalconceptsa-z.com. Actually, the scientific evidence leads to such low formation probabilities, the science suggests the need of a Maker: ^NASPsalm 8:3 When I consider Thy heavens, the work of Thy fingers, The moon and the stars, which Thou hast ordained;

STAR

^NASNumbers 24:17 "I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not near; A star shall come forth from Jacob, And a scepter shall rise from Israel, And shall crush through the forehead of Moab, And tear down all the sons of Sheth. (A star is spiritually equated to the Messiah in a Balaam prophecy.)

^NASIsaiah14:12 "How you have fallen from heaven, O star of the morning, son of the dawn! You have been cut down to the earth, You who have weakened the nations! (A bright morning star describes Satan’s pre-sin condition. Compare 2 Corinthians 11:14 And no wonder, for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light. These descriptions are for 4du humans to help us grasp the extra-dimensional might of the former leader of angels.) (Angels are powerful beasts—“weakened the nations.”)

^NASAmos 5:26 "You also carried along Sikkuth your king and Kiyyun, your images, the star of your gods which you made for yourselves. (Pagan worship includes stars.)

^NASMatthew 2:2 "Where is He who has been born King of the Jews? For we saw His star in the east, and have come to worship Him." (Navigation star.) (The Omniscient, Omnipotent, God of the Bible used an unusual celestial body to guide important magi from the east to the Christ Child. These Magi would be powerful evangelists of the Messiah to far eastern regions.)

⁷ Then Herod secretly called the magi, and ascertained from them the time the star appeared. (Navigation star.)

⁹ And having heard the king, they went their way; and lo, the star, which they had seen in the east, went on before them, until it came and stood over where the Child was. (Navigation star.)

¹⁰ And when they saw the star, they rejoiced exceedingly with great joy. (Navigation star.)

^NASActs 7:43 'You also took along the tabernacle of Moloch and the star of the god Rompha, the images which you made to worship them. I also will remove you beyond Babylon.' (Pagan worship includes stars.)

^NAS1 Corinthians 15:41 There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for star differs from star in glory. (Differing stars: this, 21^st century cosmology documents.)

^NAS2 Peter 1:19 And so we have the prophetic word made more sure, to which you do well to pay attention as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star arises in your hearts. (Morning star = more spiritual maturity.) (Compare Revelation 22:16 below.)

^NASRevelation 2:28 and I will give him the morning star. (Morning star = spiritual reward.)

^NASRevelation 8:10 And the third angel sounded, and a great star fell from heaven, burning like a torch, and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the springs of waters; (Great Tribulation period = various extraordinary celestial events.)

¹¹ and the name of the star is called Wormwood; and a third of the waters became wormwood; and many men died from the waters, because they were made bitter. (Great Tribulation period = various extraordinary celestial events.)

^NASRevelation 9:1 And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star from heaven which had fallen to the earth; and the key of the bottomless pit was given to him. (Fallen star describes a fallen 1/3 angel and the mayhem it is about to loose.)

^NASRevelation 22:16 "I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star." (Star illumines the glory of Christ.)

Stars

^NASGenesis 1:16 And God made the two great lights, the greater light to govern the day, and the lesser light to govern the night; He made the stars also. [There appear to be more than 100 billion (10¹¹) galaxies in the observable universe. NASA: We believe that there are on the order of 10²¹ stars in our Universe. If you write that number out, it looks like this: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.] (Now some scientists say multiply the previous numbers by 3: “A new study suggests there are a mind-blowing 300 sextillion of them, or three times as many as scientists previously calculated. That is a 3 followed by 23 zeros. Or 3 trillion times 100 billion.”) [FYI – “. . . when astronomers say that the galaxy M87 is 60 million light-years away, what they really mean (“but do not stress to the general public”) is that it is somewhere between 40 million and 90 million light-years away--not quite the same thing.” A Short History of Nearly Everything, page 170.]

^NASGenesis 15:5 And He took him outside and said, "Now look toward the heavens, and count the stars, if you are able to count them." And He said to him, "So shall your descendants be." (In an earth night sky, there are about 5,000 visible stars to be counted. There are 300 sextillion stars beyond the visible. God used stars to teach Abraham that his descendants would be more than he could conceive. For example: Galatians 3:7-9 ⁷ Therefore, be sure that it is those who are of faith who are sons of Abraham. ⁸ And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel beforehand to Abraham, saying, "All the nations shall be blessed in you." ⁹ So then those who are of faith are blessed with Abraham, the believer.)

^NASGenesis 22:17 indeed I will greatly bless you, and I will greatly multiply your seed as the stars of the heavens, and as the sand which is on the seashore; and your seed shall possess the gate of their enemies. (The key word is “as.” Sands of the sea shore, like stars of the heavens are utilized by God to teach Abraham that future Israel would be a mighty army that would one day conquer the pagans of Cana.) (FYI: Estimated sands on the shores of the seas, according to the University of Hawaii: There are seven quintillion five quadrillion grains of sand on all the beaches of the world. That's a 75 with 17 zeros following!) (See Deuteronomy 1:10, 10:22, 28:62 below.)

^NASGenesis 26:4 "And I will multiply your descendants as the stars of heaven, and will give your descendants all these lands; and by your descendants all the nations of the earth shall be blessed; (See the previous.)

^NASGenesis 37:9 Now he had still another dream, and related it to his brothers, and said, "Lo, I have had still another dream; and behold, the sun and the moon and eleven stars were bowing down to me." (Joseph’s dream.)

^NASExodus 32:13 "Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, Thy servants to whom Thou didst swear by Thyself, and didst say to them, 'I will multiply your descendants as the stars of the heavens, and all this land of which I have spoken I will give to your descendants, and they shall inherit it forever.'" (As prophecy.)

^NASDeuteronomy 1:10 'The LORD your God has multiplied you, and behold, you are this day as the stars of heaven for multitude. (“As” prophecy fulfilled.)

^NASDeuteronomy 4:19 "And beware, lest you lift up your eyes to heaven and see the sun and the moon and the stars, all the host of heaven, and be drawn away and worship them and serve them, those which the LORD your God has allotted to all the peoples under the whole heaven. (Pagan worship includes stars.)

^NASDeuteronomy 10:22 "Your fathers went down to Egypt seventy persons in all, and now the LORD your God has made you as numerous as the stars of heaven. (“As” prophecy fulfilled.)

^NASDeuteronomy 28:62 "Then you shall be left few in number, whereas you were as the stars of heaven for multitude, because you did not obey the LORD your God. (“As” prophecy fulfilled.)

^NASJudges 5:20 "The stars fought from heaven, From their courses they fought against Sisera.

^NAS1 Chronicles 27:23 But David did not count those twenty years of age and under, because the LORD had said He would multiply Israel as the stars of heaven. (“As” prophecy fulfilled.)

^NASNehemiah 4:21 So we carried on the work with half of them holding spears from dawn until the stars appeared.

^NASNehemiah 9:23 "And Thou didst make their sons numerous as the stars of heaven, And Thou didst bring them into the land Which Thou hadst told their fathers to enter and possess. (“As” prophecy fulfilled.)

^NASJob 3:9 "Let the stars of its twilight be darkened; Let it wait for light but have none, Neither let it see the breaking dawn;

^NASJob 9:7 Who commands the sun not to shine, And sets a seal upon the stars;

^NASJob 22:12 "Is not God in the height of heaven? Look also at the distant stars, how high they are!

^NASJob 25:5 "If even the moon has no brightness And the stars are not pure in His sight,

^NASJob 38:7 When the morning stars sang together, And all the sons of God shouted for joy? (Morning stars sang together could be an Anthropopathism—ascribing human emotion to an inanimate object? Morning stars sang together could be at the atomic and subatomic string level? Morning stars sang together could be a class of angels and sons of God another class of angels? Whichever, God’s creation is having happy emotion before Him at His creative acts.)

^NASPsalm 8:3 When I consider Thy heavens, the work of Thy fingers, The moon and the stars, which Thou hast ordained; (Fingers = creating was easy for an omnipotent God.)

^NASPsalm 136:9 The moon and stars to rule by night, For His lovingkindness is everlasting.

^NASPsalm 147:4 He counts the number of the stars; He gives names to all of them. (Stars describe God’s Omniscience.) . [There appear to be more than 100 billion (10¹¹) galaxies in the observable universe. NASA: We believe that there are on the order of 10²¹ stars in our Universe. If you write that number out, it looks like this: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.] (Now some scientists say multiply the previous numbers by 3: “A new study suggests there are a mind-blowing 300 sextillion of them, or three times as many as scientists previously calculated. That is a 3 followed by 23 zeros. Or 3 trillion times 100 billion.”) [FYI – “. . . when astronomers say that the galaxy M87 is 60 million light-years away, what they really mean (“but do not stress to the general public”) is that it is somewhere between 40 million and 90 million light-years away--not quite the same thing.” A Short History of Nearly Everything, page 170.]

^NASPsalm 148:3 Praise Him, sun and moon; Praise Him, all stars of light! (The atoms, sub-atomic particles and strings in inanimate objects just might be making a praise sound to God?) (This could simply be an example of Anthropopathism.)

^NASEcclesiastes 12:2 before the sun, the light, the moon, and the stars are darkened, and clouds return after the rain;

^NASIsaiah 13:10 For the stars of heaven and their constellations Will not flash forth their light; The sun will be dark when it rises, And the moon will not shed its light.

^NASIsaiah 14:13 "But you said in your heart, 'I will ascend to heaven; I will raise my throne above the stars of God, And I will sit on the mount of assembly In the recesses of the north. (Here, stars could be spiritually equated to angels. Lucifer wanted to be above them all.)

^NASIsaiah 40:26 Lift up your eyes on high And see who has created these stars, The One who leads forth their host by number, He calls them all by name; Because of the greatness of His might and the strength of His power Not one of them is missing. . [There appear to be more than 100 billion (10¹¹) galaxies in the observable universe. NASA: We believe that there are on the order of 10²¹ stars in our Universe. If you write that number out, it looks like this: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.] (Now some scientists say multiply the previous numbers by 3: “A new study suggests there are a mind-blowing 300 sextillion of them, or three times as many as scientists previously calculated. That is a 3 followed by 23 zeros. Or 3 trillion times 100 billion.”) [FYI – “. . . when astronomers say that the galaxy M87 is 60 million light-years away, what they really mean (“but do not stress to the general public”) is that it is somewhere between 40 million and 90 million light-years away--not quite the same thing.” A Short History of Nearly Everything, page 170.]

^NASIsaiah 47:13 "You are wearied with your many counsels; Let now the astrologers, Those who prophesy by the stars, Those who predict by the new moons, Stand up and save you from what will come upon you. (Pagan worship includes stars.)

^NASJeremiah 31:35 Thus says the LORD, Who gives the sun for light by day, And the fixed order of the moon and the stars for light by night, Who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar; The LORD of hosts is His name: (God, star Creator.)

^NASEzekiel 32:7-8 "And when I extinguish you, I will cover the heavens, and darken their stars; I will cover the sun with a cloud, And the moon shall not give its light. ⁸ "All the shining lights in the heavens I will darken over you And will set darkness on your land," Declares the Lord God. (God’s judgment of Egypt using Babylon included astral phenomena.)

^NASDaniel 8:10 And it grew up to the host of heaven and caused some of the host and some of the stars to fall to the earth, and it trampled them down. (Stars are spiritually equated to Israel and the Antiochus Epiphanes persecution of them.)

^NASDaniel 12:3 "And those who have insight will shine brightly like the brightness of the expanse of heaven, and those who lead the many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever. (Stars spiritually equated to Believers in the Triune God of the Bible.)

^NASJoel 2:10 Before them the earth quakes, The heavens tremble, The sun and the moon grow dark, And the stars lose their brightness. (Astral phenomena, part of the Day of the Lord desolation.)

^NASJoel 3:15 The sun and moon grow dark, And the stars lose their brightness. (More Day of the Lord astral phenomena.)

^NASObadiah 1:4 "Though you build high like the eagle, Though you set your nest among the stars, From there I will bring you down," declares the LORD. (Edom cannot escape the Omniscient, Omnipotent, God of the Bible.)

^NASNahum 3:16 You have increased your traders more than the stars of heaven-- The creeping locust strips and flies away. (Nineveh’s destruction.)

^NASMatthew 24:29 "But immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken, (Great Tribulation period = various extraordinary celestial events.)

^NASMark 13:25 and the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken. (Great Tribulation period = various extraordinary celestial events.)

^NASLuke 21:25 "And there will be signs in sun and moon and stars, and upon the earth dismay among nations, in perplexity at the roaring of the sea and the waves, (Great Tribulation period = various extraordinary celestial events.)

^NASActs 27:20 And since neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small storm was assailing us, from then on all hope of our being saved was gradually abandoned. (Apostle Paul, shipwreck.)

^NAS1 Corinthians 15:41 There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for star differs from star in glory. (See Astronomy Picture of the Day at NASA on the www.)

^NASHebrews 11:12 therefore, also, there was born of one man, and him as good as dead at that, as many descendants as the stars of heaven in number, and innumerable as the sand which is by the seashore. (“As” prophecy fulfilled.)

^NASJude 1:13 wild waves of the sea, casting up their own shame like foam; wandering stars, for whom the black darkness has been reserved forever. (Stars are spiritually equated with humans as false teachers.)

^NASRevelation 1:16 And in His right hand He held seven stars; and out of His mouth came a sharp two-edged sword; and His face was like the sun shining in its strength. (See 1:20.)

²⁰ "As for the mystery of the seven stars which you saw in My right hand, and the seven golden lampstands: the seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches. (Stars are spiritually equated with human spiritual leaders.) (The Local Church is important to the Christ that made them possible.)

^NASRevelation 2:1 "To the angel of the church in Ephesus write: The One who holds the seven stars in His right hand, the One who walks among the seven golden lampstands, says this: (See 1:20.)

^NASRevelation 3:1 "And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: He who has the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars, says this: 'I know your deeds, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead. (See 1:20.)

^NASRevelation 6:13 and the stars of the sky fell to the earth, as a fig tree casts its unripe figs when shaken by a great wind. (Great Tribulation period = various extraordinary celestial events.)

^NASRevelation 8:12 And the fourth angel sounded, and a third of the sun and a third of the moon and a third of the stars were smitten, so that a third of them might be darkened and the day might not shine for a third of it, and the night in the same way. (Great Tribulation period = various extraordinary celestial events.)

^NASRevelation 12:1 And a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars; (Great Tribulation period = various extraordinary celestial events.)

⁴ And his tail swept away a third of the stars of heaven, and threw them to the earth. And the dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, so that when she gave birth he might devour her child. (Lucifer’s power and 1/3 angels.) (Stars are spiritually equated with angels.)

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